Suchergebnisse

The question to be examined in this paper is empirical evidence of path dependence of the Czech railways network, i.e. the question whether a way of founding of a particular line influence its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition of train-operated-companies on it? The study is divided into three parts, beginning by an outline of the most important principles of competition – the competition in the market, and the competition for the market. Further, eight ways of the origin of Czech railways is set out with regard to their present importance: it is presupposed that the way in which a given railway was established predestines its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition for the market. ; Text se zabývá otázkou, zda způsob založení určité železniční tratě má vliv na její ekonomickou efektivitu a tímto způsobem i na potenciální konkurenceschopnost železniční dopravy v určitých segmentech sítě. Studie je rozdělena do tří částí: (i) principy hospodářské soutěže - konkurence na trhu a konkurence o trh, (ii) definice osmi způsobů vzniku tratí na území ČR, (iii) přehled a srovnání současných provozních výkonů na jednotlivých typech tratí.

The question to be examined in this paper is empirical evidence of path dependence of the Czech railways network, i.e. the question whether a way of founding of a particular line influence its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition of train-operated-companies on it? The study is divided into three parts, beginning by an outline of the most important principles of competition – the competition in the market, and the competition for the market. Further, eight ways of the origin of Czech railways is set out with regard to their present importance: it is presupposed that the way in which a given railway was established predestines its economic efficiency and in that way the potential competition for the market. ; Studie pojednává o vlivu způsobu vzniku železnic v Česku na jejich soudobou ekonomickou efektivnost. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována problematice konkurence, zejména vztahu konkurence na trhu a konkurence o trh, a důsledcích pro dnešní stav.

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The article is concerned with analysis of independence of central banks of the EU Member States within the framework of the ESCB, as well as independence & responsibility of the ECB, & suggests an alternative institutional embodiment of its position, reflecting the specific framework of the EMU. The system of selection of members of the ECB's Executive Board blurs a real collective responsibility towards Member States, which opens possibilities for nontransparent lobbyism. Modified system is suggested so that national banks governors have a symbolic relationship to the political representation, i.e. that they reflect a national economic policy in some way, without being bound & restricted by its formation whatsoever. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.